Regional & Local Solutions

Connecting The Issues

April 25, 2024

San Francisco Business Times: Holy housing: Two of three new affordable projects in Oakland are on church-owned land

Two of the three projects are being developed on church-owned land and could be taking advantage of ...

Campaigns

April 10, 2024

Eden Housing: Q&A with Amie Fishman, Executive Director of NPH

Amie Fishman has dedicated her entire career toward affordable housing. She has led NPH since 2015, ...

Campaigns

March 11, 2024

Marin Independent Journal: Bay Area affordable housing bond measure is right for county plans

Marin residents want more affordable housing. The county’s 2023 community survey confirmed that ho...

Campaigns

January 16, 2024

State Budget Emphasizes Need for Legislative and Electoral Solutions Ahead

Budget shortfall signals a need for reinvigorated approach toward long-term affordable housing solut...

Campaigns

September 22, 2023

2023 Legislative Session: A Turning Point for Housing Solutions

2023 was a year for the record books, as a turning point for affordable housing solutions in the sta...

Electoral Policy Reports

August 9, 2023

CBS Bay Area: Work begins on controversial housing project in Marin County

A Marin City community said it is worried a housing project will accelerate gentrification and push ...

News

July 13, 2023

SF Chronicle: Game changer? Bay Area could get up to $20 billion for affordable housing

As San Francisco and other cities face pressure from the state to build unprecedented levels of affo...

Legislative Policy Reports

June 30, 2023

Final Budget Maintains Prior Housing Commitments with Additional Investments, Emphasizes Need for Deeper Strategy Ahead

The state’s housing shortage is exactly the critical environment that required us to remain steadf...

Connecting The Issues

February 7, 2023

State Budget Coalition Letter: Housing Investments for 2023-24 and Beyond

Earlier this week, NPH and coalition partners sent a coordinated advocacy letter to Governor Gavin N...

News

January 17, 2023

KQED: Newsom's Proposed Budget Keeps Most Housing, Homeless Funding Intact. Advocates Want MoreKQED:

Amid a looming $22.5 billion deficit, California housing advocates expressed relief that Gov. Gavin ...

Legislative Policy

January 12, 2023

NPH's 2023-2024 Budget Proposal Analysis

Governor Newsom’s budget proposal preserves existing affordable housing rental funds, but deeper i...

Legislative Policy

December 7, 2022

The Mercury News: Building homes in ‘God’s backyard’: New bill would permit housing at California’s churches, mosques and synagogues

Just one day after the start of the new legislative session, Sen. Scott Wiener (D-San Francisco) ann...

Legislative Policy

December 7, 2022

San Francisco Chronicle: ‘YIGBY’ bill to let churches build affordable housing is being revived — and a key shift could improve its chances

The housing fight that gave rise to the moniker YIGBY — or Yes in God’s Back Yard — is comin...

Legislative Policy

December 7, 2022

*PRESS RELEASE* Sen. Wiener Intros YIGBY Housing Legislation to Allow Religious Institutions & Nonprofit Colleges to Build Affordable Housing on Their Land

SB 4 ensures that churches, faith institutions, and nonprofit colleges will be able to build afforda...

News

November 7, 2022

KQED: In Pushing Affordable Housing Measures, Local Leaders Ask Voters to Contend With Racist Housing Law

Oakland City Councilmember Carroll Fife wants you to know what Article 34 is. She wants you to face ...

News

October 14, 2022

Builder and Developer Magazine: The Key to Our Future

Housing affordability and homelessness solutions are top priorities for Americans and it is clear wh...

Connecting The Issues

August 30, 2022

San Francisco Chronicle: California lawmakers just voted to make it easier to add housing. Will Bay Area cities build?

In a major win for California housing development advocates, state lawmakers signed off Monday on a ...

News

August 2, 2022

San Francisco Chronicle: Here’s how much money you need to make to rent an apartment in S.F.

It now takes a full-time income of more than $61 an hour to comfortably afford the rent for an avera...

Legislative Policy

June 29, 2022

Final State Budget Makes Progress but Fails to Meet Scale of Housing Needs, Emphasizing Need for Renewed Advocacy Ahead

Late last week, Governor Gavin Newsom announced that the 2022-23 state budget agreement has been fin...

News

June 13, 2022

Yes in God's back yard: Bay Area lawmaker revives plan for affordable housing at churches

SAN FRANCISCO – Amid the state’s ongoing housing woes, a Bay Area lawmaker has reintroduced ...

Connecting The Issues

June 10, 2022

The YIGBYs are back: Push to let churches build affordable housing on their land revived in California

The fight that gave rise to yet another California housing-related moniker — Yes in God’s Back Y...

News

June 9, 2022

RELEASE: Bay Area Regional Leaders Respond to the Budget Proposals from the Governor and Legislature

June 9, 2022 (San Francisco Bay Area) – As lawmakers approach the impending budget deadline, B...

Legislative Policy

May 16, 2022

Governor’s May Revise Doesn’t Go Far Enough to Support Housing, Homelessness Solutions that Our Communities Desperately Need

Late last week, Governor Gavin Newsom released his May Revise to the 2022-2023 state budget proposal...

Get Involved

May 8, 2022

Join the Movement for Housing Justice!

Being pro-housing means raising your voice for the fact that housing for all is good for all. Join u...

Connecting The Issues

March 24, 2022

All Home: Citing new report, Bay Area mayors and advocates call to strengthen Homekey

A new report from the Terner Center for Housing Innovation shows the impact and potential of Califor...

Legislative Policy

February 23, 2022

NLIHC: Regional Challenges, Federal Solutions: NPH Urges Bay Area Congressional Delegation to Champion Build Back Better’s Housing Resources

In 2021, NPH – a longstanding NLIHC member – faced a unique set of challenges in building power ...

Legislative Policy Reports

January 12, 2022

Governor’s 2022-2023 Budget Proposal Analysis

NPH will continue to work diligently with our partners and allies to make sure that our lawmakers pr...

News

July 14, 2021

East Bay Times: How many minimum wage jobs does it take to pay Bay Area rent?

High Bay Area rents come with another cost for low-income workers — they need multiple jobs just t...

Connecting The Issues

June 7, 2021

Reasons to be Cheerful: Churches Are Becoming Players in Making Cities More Affordable

Bishop Matthews, head of East Oakland, California’s Genesis Worship Center, has long apprecia...

News

May 26, 2021

People's World: Newsom proposes record-setting public spending with ‘California Comeback Plan’

With California’s finances buoyed by unanticipated tax revenues and a $27 billion boost from the A...

News

April 29, 2021

The Mercury News: Bay Area gets more housing funds, local mayors warn it’s not enough

After excluding the Bay Area’s largest cities from a key pot of affordable housing funding — pro...

Connecting The Issues

March 10, 2021

NPH Weighs in on Governor’s State of the State

Last night, Governor Gavin Newsom delivered his State of the State address, highlighting the state�...

News

February 3, 2021

The San Francisco Chronicle: S.F. has taken more than a year to open 30 beds for homeless and mentally ill

It has been nearly a year since the city began working on a much-needed psychiatric respite center f...

News

December 22, 2020

Looking back at BAHFA in 2020

One of the great success stories of 2020 has been the creation and activation of the Bay Area Housin...

News

November 4, 2020

Statement on Election Impacts on Housing Justice in Bay Area from Non-Profit Housing Association of Northern California Executive Director Amie Fishman

“Among the many pressing issues of our time, this election presents critical opportunities to adva...

News

October 6, 2020

New Recommendations Show Comprehensive Regional Housing Strategy Key to Addressing Bay Area’s Housing Woes, Racial Injustices

(San Francisco Bay Area) Amid critical national conversations around how to respond to and recover f...

Campaigns

May 18, 2020

Amidst COVID environment, Bay Area Voters Cite Housing As Top Concern

RELEASE: Amidst COVID Environment, Bay Area Voters Cite Housing As Top Concern New poll shows strong...

Campaigns

March 9, 2020

SAN JOSE SPOTLIGHT: SILICON VALLEY LEADERS MULL COMBINING HOUSING, TRANSPORTATION BALLOT MEASURES

“Bay Area business and housing leaders are in talks over whether 2020 is the year when two ballot ...

News

March 6, 2020

THE MERCURY NEWS: NEW BILL WOULD LET CALIFORNIA CHURCHES BUILD AFFORDABLE HOUSING ON THEIR PROPERTY

“Under a new proposal, churches, synagogues and mosques would be able to build affordable housing ...

News

February 6, 2020

KQED: Can the Bay Area Solve Its Affordable Housing Crisis?

” As high housing costs continue crippling Bay Area residents, demands are growing for more af...

News

January 28, 2020

San Francisco Chronicle: "New wave of homelessness"

"People talk regionally, but they act very locally when it comes to homelessness.. But this feels li...

Campaigns

December 19, 2019

RELEASE: Two New Bay Area Housing Reports Demonstrate that Significant Revenue Measure May Be Pathway for Bay Area Region

Two new housing reports released today by California Housing Partnership and the Non-Profit Housing ...

News

September 17, 2019

"Landmark Bill Heads to Governor’s Desk to Address the Bay Area Housing Crisis"

The California State Legislature approved Assembly Bill 1487 (Chiu-San Francisco), which will allow ...

Campaigns

September 17, 2019

Daily Journal: "Regional housing tax effort part of larger package"

Housing advocates lauded the success of a proposal to boost the fundraising capacity of regional org...

Policy+Advocacy

May 15, 2019

Legislative Update: May 15, 2019

BUDGET, BILLS, & BUILDING MOMENTUM Last week, the Governor released the May Revise, an updated p...

Connecting The Issues

April 29, 2019

RELEASE: Bay Area Explores Housing Opportunities, Solutions during Affordable Housing Month

After November measures, advocates look to community to build on momentum For Immediate ReleaseApril...

Campaigns

March 25, 2019

Mercury News: Bay Area voters poll results

“They’re the twin demons plaguing Bay Area residents: the never-ending grind of bumper-to-bu...

News

March 22, 2019

Mountain View Voice on the CASA compact

Description

News

March 8, 2019

KQED: "Push to Create a Regional Housing Agency for the Bay Area"

“State lawmakers are proposing to create a housing agency for the San Francisco Bay Area, with...

Campaigns

March 5, 2019

Mercury News: "Some cities push back against plan to overhaul Bay Area housing market"

“As the Bay Area grapples with a housing shortage that has driven the cost of buying and renti...

News

February 12, 2019

Christian Science Monitor: ‘All hands on deck’

“The Bay Area comprises nine counties and 101 municipalities in a region with 7.6 million peop...

News

January 22, 2019

Beyond Chron: Builders and Tenants are Allies

“After decades of failing to build anywhere near enough housing, California is waking up. ...

News

January 22, 2019

San Mateo Daily Journal: "Regional housing proposal gathers approval"

“The Association of Bay Area Governments Executive Board voted 21-9 in favor of the CASA Compa...

News

January 18, 2019

RELEASE: ABAG Passes First Comprehensive Housing Approach in Bay Area History

ABAG Passes First Comprehensive Housing Approach in Bay Area HistoryNPH Applauds Passage of Critical...

News

October 30, 2018

New “HIP” solution created to drive progress for Bay Area region’s housing crisis

A new “HIP” program of incentives passed by the Metropolitan Transportation Commission (MTC) las...

Campaigns

August 6, 2018

Santa Cruz Sentinel: It’s time to refocus on housing

“Many in our community are deeply concerned about the lack of affordable housing for local fam...

News

August 6, 2018

Mercury News Op-Ed: More Housing, Less Traffic -- A Bill Badly Needed for the Bay Area

“As our state lawmakers return from summer recess and get back to unfinished business, there r...

News

July 16, 2018

IN EQUAL TIMES: HOMELESS IN SILICON VALLEY: HOW THE HEARTLAND OF GLOBAL TECH BECAME THE EPICENTRE OF A HOUSING CRISIS

“We are facing the gravest crisis in housing unaffordability and inequity in recent history,” sa...

News

June 26, 2018

New Tools for Local Government to Advance Affordable Housing: A Webinar with Pedro Galvao and Michael Lane

Affordable housing is everyone’s concern, but not everyone has access to the tools to advance ...

NPH Publications

March 14, 2018

NPH Joins Assemblymembers David Chiu and Timothy Grayson to Announce Bill to Encourage Transit Oriented Development Near BART Stations

On Monday, March 5, NPH’s Policy Director, Michael Lane, participated in a press conference at...

News

February 15, 2018

AMIE FISHMAN OF NPH AND SAM MOSS OF MISSION HOUSING ON "YOUR CALL" KALW

On February 14, 2018, NPH Executive Director Amie Fishman and Mission Housing Executive Director S...

Campaigns

November 2, 2017

Chan Zuckerberg Institute: "We're all in this together and now is the time for bold solutions"

“We’re all in this together and now is the time for big bold solutions.” – Amie Fishman,...

News

October 31, 2017

MTC Commissioners Approve Plan to Link Housing to Transportation Funds

On Wednesday, October 25th, the Metropolitan Transportation Commission (MTC) voted to take an innova...

Campaigns

October 11, 2017

Mercury News: "On a roll: Affordable housing advocates pack a San Francisco hotel and say they’re winning the battle"

Friday conference was part rally, part double-down work session to mitigate the housing crisis ...

News

August 24, 2017

A Victory: For Fair Housing and Fair Development

In the Bay Area, gentrification and rents are rising. But going forward, anti-displacement pr...

News

August 22, 2017

Oakland Magazine: "A Better Housing Plan"

When Bay Area planners released a draft proposal earlier this year for guiding the region’s afford...

News

June 28, 2017

East Bay Times: Solving the housing crisis takes bold action

“Bay Area counties have long been among the most expensive housing markets in the nation. A ne...

NPH Publications

June 20, 2017

On Track Together: Housing and Transportation- Building the Bay Area’s Vibrant, Sustainable, and Affordable Future Together

Description

News

November 22, 2016

Bay Area Policymakers Vote to Put Teeth in Plan Bay Area

On Thursday November 17th, the Metropolitan Transportation Commission (MTC) and the Association of B...

Alameda County Housing Bond

November 21, 2016

New Analysis: Election Results from Around Nation on Affordable Housing

New Analysis: Election Results from Around Nation on Affordable HousingFrom Coast to Coast, Voters R...

Campaigns

November 16, 2016

Update on Santa Clara County

Update: Wednesday, November 16, 5pm In Santa Clara County, elections has now counted 90% of the vote...

Campaigns

November 15, 2016

Updated Numbers from Santa Clara County (89% votes counted)

Update: Tuesday, November 15, 5pm In Santa Clara County, updated numbers show Measure A keeping a le...

Campaigns

November 14, 2016

Update:Monday, 11/14, 5pm

Update: Monday, November 14, 5pm – In Alameda County, Measure A1 remains well above the thresh...

Campaigns

November 14, 2016

Update: On Track Toward Victory

Monday, November 14 Update In Alameda County, Measure A1 increased its lead to 72.83% YES (Updated 1...

Campaigns

November 11, 2016

Updated Vote Counts Continue To Suggest Positive Outcomes

Friday, November 11 Update As we continue to monitor vote counts for the three Bay Area County affor...

Campaigns

November 10, 2016

CAUTIOUSLY MORE OPTIMISTIC

Thursday, Nov. 10 – 2pm · Alameda Measure A1 – 72.32% (last update 11/9/16 1:40 am, Registrar�...

Alameda County Housing Bond

November 9, 2016

Early Vote Counts Show Strong Support for Affordable Homes Throughout Bay Area

While final vote counts are still days away, unofficial results signal that voters supported the thr...

Campaigns

November 9, 2016

EARLY VOTE COUNTS

After a late night, these are still early numbers for three county housing measures. Each county has...

Campaigns

November 8, 2016

Hi, Have You Voted Today?

Louis Chicoine from Abode and Bruce Ives from LifeMoves are burning up phone lines for Measure A....

Campaigns

November 8, 2016

COMMUNITY, HOUSING ADVOCATES IN BERKELEY OFFICE FOR MEASURE A1 GOTV

Community volunteers have joined NPH and East Bay Housing Organizations teams at the SAHA site in Be...

Alameda County Housing Bond

November 8, 2016

We Would Not Be Where We Are Without Your Hard Work

We are so proud that this community has not only placed Affordable Housing measures on the ballot in...

Campaigns

November 7, 2016

BUSY GOTV WEEKEND FOR NPH & PARTNERS

NPH members stepped up to volunteer in partnership with housing advocates and community partners acr...

Alameda County Housing Bond

November 7, 2016

Interesting Facts About Voter Registration

NPH members played a role in this increase. We achieved a 15% increase in voter registration in our ...

Campaigns

November 7, 2016

Information on the Vote Count

When the polls close at 8pm Tuesday, County Clerks and Registrars will be the focus of attention as ...

Campaigns

November 6, 2016

Michael Lane in the SF Gate "The Crisis is Now"

“The crisis is now,” Lane said in an interview. “Voters are wanting the county to address it w...

Alameda County Housing Bond

November 4, 2016

NPH Staff Is Phone Banking and Lit Dropping Around the Bay Area!

Join NPH and GET OUT THE VOTE!

News

November 4, 2016

NPH ED Amie Fishman Speaks at SIEPR Policy Forum

NPH Executive Director Amie Fishman spoke this month at the Stanford Institute for Economic Policy R...

Campaigns

November 1, 2016

MOHCD on Where $310m Housing Bond Funds are Being Used

The San Francisco Mayor's Office of Housing and Community Development released an update of where Pr...

Alameda County Housing Bond

November 1, 2016

Ready to Vote Already!

The moment we've all been waiting for, Election Day on Tuesday, November 8 is almost here! If you vo...

Campaigns

October 29, 2016

GOTV Countdown: Alameda County Rally Oct. 29

Get out the Vote Countdown! Let's GOTV Alameda County!

News

October 19, 2016

NPH Makes Inroads on Plan Bay Area

On October 14th the Joint Planning and Administrative Committees of the Metropolitan Transportation ...

Alameda County Housing Bond

October 18, 2016

Ballots Have Mailed -- Have You Talked to Voters?

Affordable housing volunteers are stepping up for our campaigns in a big way! Your work is making a ...

Alameda County Housing Bond

October 5, 2016

Are You Ready to Vote for Housing?

If you attended the NPH Conference, you heard loud and clear from our partners in local government �...

Alameda County Housing Bond

September 16, 2016

Housing Measure Campaign Materials Ready to Ship or Download

Here's your biweekly round-up of campaign activities, and how you can make the difference for re-inv...

Policy+Advocacy

September 6, 2016

The Bay Area Plans for its Housing Future

On September 6th the Association of Bay Area Governments (ABAG) and the Metropolitan Transportation ...

Alameda County Housing Bond

September 2, 2016

Yes on A1 for an Affordable Alameda Website Launches

Sign up to volunteer, donate to these important efforts & learn more about how to make sure ever...

Campaigns

September 2, 2016

Ambassador Training for the Yes on K Campaign

Thank you to the great group who joined NPH & Housing Leadership Council of San Mateo County yes...

Campaigns

September 2, 2016

Yes on A Campaign Kick-Offs in Santa Clara County

Thank you to the NPH members, partners and friends who joined us to make the YES on A for Affordable...

Alameda County Housing Bond

August 26, 2016

3...2...1... Launch! Join NPH at Campaign Kickoffs

With Labor Day around the corner, the official campaign season kicks off and three campaigns NPH has...

Policy+Advocacy

July 29, 2016

MTC Commission Votes to Adopt NPH Priorities for Transportation Funding

NPH won big victories for affordable housing yesterday as the Metropolitan Transportation Commission...

Campaigns

July 27, 2016

Keeping Residents in San Mateo County

San Mateo County Supervisors Vote to Place Measure A Extension on the November 2016 Ballot...

Campaigns

July 12, 2016

NOW IS THE TIME FOR BOLD ACTION IN SAN MATEO COUNTY

“People are counting on us to get this right” San Mateo County Supervisors voted unanimou...

Campaigns

June 21, 2016

Santa Clara County Supervisors Vote to Place Bond on November Ballot

Today, the Santa Clara County Board of Supervisors voted unanimously to place an affordable housing ...

Campaigns

June 21, 2016

NPH Expresses Strong Support of the Proposed Santa Clara County Housing Bond

NPH expresses strong support of a $950 million General Obligation Bond on the November 2016 ballot, ...

Alameda County Housing Bond

June 21, 2016

Alameda County Housing Bond Proposal Sent Forward

The Health Committee of the Alameda County Supervisors heard today from 40 homeless and affor...

Campaigns

June 21, 2016

Destination Home Op-Ed on the Proposed Santa Clara Housing Bond

Housing and homeless advocates call for the Santa Clara County Supervisors to invest in people and �...

Alameda County Housing Bond

June 15, 2016

NPH Advances Regional Funding Strategy in Three Counties

Read updates on the proposed housing bonds in Alameda and Santa Clara counties and revenue sources u...

Connecting The Issues

May 18, 2016

VTA Board of Directors Adopts a Strong Affordable Housing Policy

On Thursday, April 7th, the VTA Board of Directors took action to adopt a strong Affordable Housing ...

Campaigns

May 18, 2016

Santa Clara County proposes bond measure for affordable homes

Deep community concern about homelessness and housing affordability for hard-working families is dri...

Policy+Advocacy

May 17, 2016

Amie Fishman at the SV@Home Policy Breakfast:

NPH Executive Director Amie Fishman spoke on regional solutions to the housing affordability crisis ...

Alameda County Housing Bond

May 10, 2016

Investing in Housing Security in Alameda County

Read our two-page Proposal now! A $500 million Alameda County housing bond is a bold solution to pre...

News

April 19, 2016

Affordable Housing Week 2016!

In activities across the Bay Area this month, the affordable housing community will raise awareness ...

Policy+Advocacy

April 12, 2016

NPH Political Director presents to Assembly Select Committee on Regional Planning in SF Bay Area

NPH urged State Assembly members to prioritize creating affordable homes for those most in need, and...

Alameda County Housing Bond

April 12, 2016

Alameda County Proposed Housing Bond Resource Center

Join NPH and EBHO in supporting the proposed Alameda County Affordable Housing Bond. Much work remai...

Alameda County Housing Bond

April 6, 2016

What Could A Housing Bond Do In Alameda County?

We can make sure there's a home for everyone in Alameda County. Will you join us?

Regional & Local Solutions

April 5, 2016

Transit-oriented Affordable Home Tour with MTC

NPH and Silicon Valley @Home partnered to tour affordable ...

Alameda County Housing Bond

April 4, 2016

NPH poll shows voter support for Alameda County Housing Bond

NPH is working with EBHO, our Alameda County partners and County Supervisors to get a $500 million H...

Alameda County Housing Bond

March 22, 2016

Alameda County Supervisors host first meeting on $500 million housing bond

Excitement, concern, and nearly 100 housing advocates filled the room on March 17 as Alameda County ...

News

March 2, 2016

Mayors’ breakfast focuses on housing issues

The topic was a regional economic forecast, but affordable homes dominated the conversation as 800 b...

News

March 2, 2016

Housing advocates lift up real policy solutions for regional planning agencies

Powerful voices of residents fighting homelessness, family separation, and the danger of renewed seg...

Policy+Advocacy

February 29, 2016

US Supreme Court Declines Review of San Jose's Inclusionary Housing Ordinance

Yesterday, the U.S. Supreme Court (SCOTUS) announced that it will not hear the California Building I...

Policy+Advocacy

February 22, 2016

NPH Co-Sponsors Oakland Boomerang Fund Bill

NPH is co-sponsoring AB 2031 (Bonta), a bill to address the growing housing crisis by allowing a ci...

Connecting The Issues

February 8, 2016

News Alert: BART Adopts Affordable Housing Policy

On Thursday, January 28th, the BART Board of Directors voted 6-3 to adopt a policy that requires tha...

Regional & Local Solutions

August 4, 2015

Anti-Displacement Strategies

There are a range of anti-displacement and affordable housing preservation tools such as no-net loss...

Regional & Local Solutions

June 23, 2015

42 EVENTS, 4,000 PEOPLE REACHED

THOUSANDS ATTEND AFFORDABLE HOUSING WEEKS ACROSS BAY AREA This May our subregional partners, East B...

Policy+Advocacy

June 22, 2015

Preservation Strategies

Rent control is a hot topic in the Bay Area right now and preservation strategies are an important p...

Policy+Advocacy

June 10, 2015

Inclusionary Housing

NPH has long supported inclusionary housing policies as an important tool for local jurisdictions to...

Regional & Local Solutions

March 31, 2015

Big Win for Affordable Housing: California Supreme Court Upholds Inclusionary Zoning

On June 15, 2015 the California Supreme Court released an opinion that affirms the ability of cities...

Policy+Advocacy

November 20, 2013

Regional Planning Efforts

An equitable and sustainable regional growth strategy is critical not only to achieving our environm...

Policy+Advocacy

November 20, 2013

Local Funding Campaigns

When the governor eliminated California Redevelopment Agencies (RDAs) in December of 2011, local jur...